The Consequences Of The Abortion Pill - 1160 Words

I think there should be a way out of your mistakes if you want there to be. I don’t think facing the consequences for your actions is always the best thing to do. A lot of people will argue that a baby isn’t a mistake but it is a miracle from god or just a miracle. I agree that babies are beautiful gifts. I also believe there’s a wrong and right time to have a baby. Even though your child was a surprise or an accident and everything for you turned out fine, that’s not always the case for others. Since 1973 1,500,000 babies have been aborted each year. There are two kinds of abortions. One is an actual in-clinic abortion where the doctors will physically remove the fetus themselves and the other is an abortion pill. The abortion pill†¦show more content†¦So many people argue that it in fact is not her body but it is the baby s body. I see where both sides are coming from. Although it’s another body inside another I still personally feel itâ €™s a woman’s right to terminate her pregnancy for it’s her body and her right to as she pleases to it. It’s an empowering right for a woman to have full and complete control over her and her own body. More importantly a woman should have the right to terminate her pregnancy due to the fact of the possibility that that child was conceived through rape or incest. A woman should never have to give birth or raise a child that was forced upon her. Abortions had by victims of rape only account for .5% of the United States’ abortions. Although the percentage of abortions that happen because of rape victims is very slim it still should be an option to all women who may ever need this. Carrying the child of a man who forced sexual intercourse upon a woman could be very emotionally detrimental to her mental health. Depending on how the woman feels about it she should have right to make that choice for her own sake. Furthermore, a woman who is carrying a child with a major disability should have every right to determine whether she wants to carry this child full term or to terminate the pregnancy. Raising a kid that would barely ever be able to function in life is a very challenging, 24 hour 7 days a week, task. Who knows what the outcome would be anyway. Some children withShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Legal?911 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion, to some it is the murder of an innocent fetus with a heartbeat. To others it is considered an option to be freed from the responsibilities of parenthood. We all have different views that can be controversial to the opinions of others. Yet, there are proven facts and cases where making abortion illegal is the best decision. Propaganda for Prolife is everywhere, but is there enough to show the world how wrong abortion is? I believe there is not, yet there are some very emotional advertisementsRead MoreThe Morning After Pill Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesMorning After Pill The morning after pill has been discussed among a lot of people but do most people know what this pill does. Studies have shown that mifepristone also known as the morning after pill to be 95 percent effective at terminating early pregnancy. Also, doctors who are trained to determine the duration of the pregnancy can only distribute the morning after pill. Physicians can also use mifpristone to provide a surgical abortion in the event that the pill fails. Abortions with mifepristoneRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue989 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage total of abortions performed annually in America (operationrescue.org). Abortion is a very controversial issue in the United States and all across the globe. First, I will discuss the different types of abortion. Next, I will explain when the abortions are performed. Then, I will share some of the laws regarding abortion in the United States. Finally, I will express my views on abortion. Abortion should be illegal in all states. First, I will discuss the various types of abortion. There are threeRead MoreAbortion - Argumentative Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY ‘ABORTION Our world today is full of unsolved, devisive and controversial issues. Most of them relate to our morals, ethics and religion, thus creating a very strong ‘yes and ‘no, or ‘good and ‘bad side. Like the Chinese Yin and Yang sign, abortion has a very prominent ‘black and ‘white side but also contains traces of each in the alternating colour. This shows that if you were to come to any kind of conclusion on abortion, there would still be a downside toRead More Should the Morning-After Pill be Available Over-the-Counter?1374 Words   |  6 PagesShould the Morning-After Pill be Available Over-the-Counter? Last Tuesday, advisors to the Food and Drug administration voted to make the morning-after pill available over-the-counter (1). The FDA has not yet acted on this recommendation (1). The morning-after pill is the vernacular term for emergency contraception, specifically, two pills with the commercial name, Plan B, which have the ability to inhibit and, depending on ones perspective, possibly to terminate unwanted pregnancies. TheRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1548 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of abortion is quite simple. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often done within the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Any life is precious, no matter if it is wanted nor unwanted. The way that a woman’s body can change within a few weeks and how much a baby can develop is pretty magical. When a couple have intercourse, they obviously know the consequences. Consequences being that if you do not use protection then a baby will be the outcome. Abortion is im moralRead MorePersuasive Essay On Birth Control1097 Words   |  5 PagesMellissa Kelley speaks in Prevention about the time she was denied birth control from her doctor: â€Å"‘She told me she couldn’t in good faith prescribe the Pill anymore,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bollinger). Doctors are given the right to deny birth control to women, but it shouldn’t be allowed just because of a biased opinion. Another instance where a woman was biased towards the pill was when Julee Lacey was denied contraception while picking up her prescription at CVS because her pharmacist told her, â€Å"‘I personally don’t believeRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic Of The World For Decades Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion has been a controversial topic of the world for decades. In 1973, Roe v. Wade, a Supreme Court case, made abortion legal. During this case, Roe, a single woman, wanted an abortion in Texas. At this time, Texas had a law that women could only have an abortion if the pregnancy endangered their life. However, Roe’s life was not put at risk by any means. Wade, the Dallas County district attorney, argued that an abortion was prohibited. Roe established that abortion was found in the ConstitutionRead MoreKendra Shipley. Ms. Carico. Senior English. 8 May 2017.1559 Words   |  7 Pagesnot teen pregnancies lead to abortions or children developing a mental or learning disability. The ability for a teenager to obtain birth control is the first vital step to providing a stoppage in the horrific consequences that result from unprotected teen sex. Most people are unaware of what birth control really is and what it does. â€Å"The birth control pill is a hormonal method of birth control that prevents ovulation, the release of an egg from a female’s ovary. The pill protects only against pregnancyRead MoreAbortion is Murder Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is the termination of a pregnancy. It has been going on for many centuries. No one knows when the first abortion was because many of them were never documented. Approximately half of the women in the United States have had at least one pregnancy that they aborted (â€Å"Abortion In†). In the 1820s there were laws forbidding abortion after fourth month of pregnancy. Many feminist, such as Susan B. Anthony are against abortion. Susan B. Anthony was an American civil rights leader in the 19th century

Korean and Vietnam Wars - 2513 Words

The Korean War would be a radical step in fighting wars, as well as the feelings people had toward the war. All wars in American History fought before the Korean War were based on either national survival or the gain of territory. A strong conflict was created between the Soviet Union and the United States. From this conflict, tension was so strong that wars were fougt in the midst of this Cold War. The Korean War was the first America ever waged that was not fought for national survival, for territory, for manifest destiny or for hegemony. Korea was the first ideological war; (Coppel, 505). For example the American revolution was based on national survival. The people of the thirteen colonies wanted a nation in which they were†¦show more content†¦Mao ZeDong need to clear the U.S. forces because of many reasons or China would be in chaos. U.S. forces occupied most of the Yalu river, if this remained, the northeastern defense force of China would be pinned down, Southern Manchuria had hydroelectric plants in the North Korea which could be controlled by U.S. forces. As a result, international and domestic rioting would occur, also the question would arise of whether communistic society that china was using was better then the capitalistic democracy that the United States was using. The Vietnam War was similar in that it was caused by the conflicting ideals of communistic and capitalistic societies, and which would prove to be a better choice. The difference between the two wars was that in Korea, the ideals of communism were already thought to be the better choice by the North Vietnamese, where as in Vietnam the people were divided in what they thought. In both contries the south was based upon a capitalistic economy. South Vietnam was influenced to a capitalistic democracy from all of the United States which was aiding it in the war effort. Northern Vietnam was much the opposite. They already had a one party dictatorship in place and favored a communistic one because of the influence of their supporters. The Vietnam war was mainly a child of the Cold War between Russia and America. Northern Vietnam was receiving large benefits from the Soviet Union. They were shipped guns,Show MoreRelatedKorean War On The Vietnam War Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages T he Korean War, which triggered intense conflict between Soviet Union and the United States, was the first â€Å"hot war† in the Cold War era. It altered American Foreign policy from its root and also brought huge change in the international relations. In this paper, the international background of the Korean War and US foreign policy before the Korean War will be explained firstly. Next, the reason, process and aspects of the Korean War will be discussed. After the notice of the background of the KoreanRead More Korean And Vietnam Wars Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Korean War would be a radical step in fighting wars, as well as the feelings people had toward the war. All wars in American History fought before the Korean War were based on either national survival or the gain of territory. A strong conflict was created between the Soviet Union and the United States. From this conflict, tension was so strong that wars were fougt in the midst of this Cold War. The Korean War was the first America ever waged that was not foughtRead MoreSocial Differences Of The Korean War And Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 Pagescause of many wars. These two major wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, not only had serious impact within the country, but also give a prime example of how similar and different between the two. Both wars were commenced similarly from its conflict with expansion of a communist government and the involvement of the United States. Differences came from the involvement of the United Nation and the outcome of both wars. The similarity between the two wars is the the factorRead MoreKorean and Vietnam War Comparison Essay2108 Words   |  9 PagesThe Korean and Vietnam war are very similar in that both were the USs attempt to fight communism by waging war in a distant third world country. Both wars were unpopular in the US and both led to a lack of victory. In fact, remarkable similarities exist between the Korean War and the Vietnam War; from the US support of a dictatorial and corrupt anti-communist regime to its conception of communism as a monolithic entity, under which all communist nations were necessarily allies, rather than individualsRead MoreComparison of the Practices and Strategies Utilized in the Korean and Vietnam Wars922 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of the Practices and Strategies Utilized in the Korean and Vietnam Wars Two of the greatest battles which were fought by similar foes were those of the Korean and Vietnamese wars. Both conflicts involved a communist and capitalist participant(s) which had their own ideals and reasons for why to include themselves into such conflicts. There are also other similarities other than the opponents in these wars, such as the military tactics and strategies which wereRead MoreComparing Military Operations In Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Korean War1224 Words   |  5 Pagesdepended upon the overall political and military objectives of each individual conflict. The United States first three hot wars after the end of World War II display the marked difference in US objectives and the operations used to achieve them better than any other modern wars in which American troops participated. By and large the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Persian Gulf War had virtually no similarities, particularly in the ways in which each was fought. These differences lay largely in the technologyRead MoreEssay on Vietnam and Korean Wars Ruined Americas Image566 Words   |  3 PagesThe Vietnam War and Korean War greatly changed America forever. It was the longest war fought in America’s history, lasting from 1950 to 1973. Both of the Wars ruined America’s self-image by waging war against the people of Korea and Vietnam becoming the first time in history the United States failed to accomplish its stated war aims, to preserve a separate, independent, non-communist government. The elections had great effects on the America, as the communist parties of Korea and Vietnam led millionsRead More Evaluating the Success of Americas Policy of Containment of Communism1031 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy of the US in the early years of the Cold war. The policy was to defeat the Soviet Union by preventing it from expanding the territories under its Communist control or otherwise extending its influence. This, naturally, resulted in strained relations and rivalry between the two superpowers. Despite the many difficulties, American policy of containment during the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War did manage to contain the expansion of CommunismRead MoreThe United Nations949 Words   |  4 Pagesyears following World War II, Korea and Vietnam were controlled by foreign powers, Japan in Korea and France in Vietnam; and once these major powers withdrew both Korea and Vietnam faced the involvement of an impending and neighboring Soviet Union. These two major international conflicts during the twentieth century can be compared and contrasted on four points: the background of the wars, the situation of United States in each war, and the situation during and results each war. Though separated byRead MoreThe United States Of World War II975 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America entered into World War II, because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (World War II). On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (World War II). By the end of the attack, there were 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes, and 8 damaged or destroyed battleship s (Attack at Pearl Harbor). Franklin Roosevelt said that American must become â€Å"the great arsenal of democracy† (World War II). America then entered into the war at the Battle of Midway in April 1942

Media on Australian Politics for Radio and Internet- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMedia on Australian Politics for Radio and Internet. Answer: Introduction Media is a pool of communication mechanisms such as newspaper, television, radio, film, and internet that relay information to the targeted group on various subjects such as the business, politics, and many others. Politics is part and parcel of human life, since political powers determine multiple issues concerning the public, that are always disseminated adequately and in a faster manner to the public through the media platforms . Consequently, Political parties win or lose elections depending on the nature and channels used to mobilize and persuade people to support them; therefore, media as a form of communication has major roles in shaping the politics of various countries. Just like any other democratic country that offers freedom of speech, Australia politics is majorly influenced by the nature of the media operations and involvement in the politics. This paper explores whether the media has too much power in contemporary Australian politics, through examining the nature of th e media and relationship to the government, and the effects of proper usage of media by politicians during the campaign period. Role of Media on Politics Like any other country in the world, the Australians get information through the press as almost all the household contains set of television, radios and large populations are accessible to internet-enabled mobile phones .Media platforms such as television and radio form the basis of advertisement and coverage to various aspects (Elejalde, Ferres Herder 2018, p.18). Social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram , that attracts the attention of about 13 million users in Australia; therefore, forms the best platform for the distribution of the politician's messages to the targets groups. Many politicians use the Facebook as the campaign tool as shown by the review of Facebook performance during the election years. Most of the political wins are attributed to the effectiveness of the campaign, coverage, the coverage, therefore, is dictated by the mode of transmitting the information, and the number targets by various politicians. Media platforms also acts as the main source of political intelligence to the voters in Australia in multiple ways such as exclusive and one-on-one interviews, television ads, and coverage of staged rallies and use of social media platforms such as Facebook. History of Australian Media The Australian press has an extensive history with newspaper as the first media platforms that have improved to about 12 Australian national newspapers, 34 daily newspapers and over 450 periodically published gazettes in different regions of Australia (ODonnel 2010, p.266). The common and widely read Australian newspapers include, The Australian Financial Review, Sydney Morning Herald, and The Age making accessibility to about 66% of the total population of Australia. Television was the second media platform that found its ways into the most of the Australians homes as the first record of a watched television channel was the New South Wales-Victoria in the year of 1956, and later northern Australia found access to television in the year 1971. Currently, about 25% of the Australian communities are accessible to the TVs. The three networks that are Seven Network control the Australian TV, network ten and Nine Network allowing a large proportion of people of about 92% of the total population to access free-to-air television channels Radio channels became daily part of the Australians many years after the first introduction in 1932 with the Talkback radio in Melbourne by Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The ABC has evolved into numerous radio channels of about 264. Hence 72% of the total population listens to any of the radio stations. With the technological advancement, Facebook becomes the largest social media platform in Australia with about of 13 million active users, followed by the Instagram users of about 10 million users. All these numerous media platforms tend to reach larger part of the Australian community hence a good tool for the politicians to campaign. The great debates organized by the television and the radio channels to host the politician tend to put the politician under pressure to perform and even be accountable. The growth has been facilitated by the independence and the democracy of the country that allows free ownership and broadcasting. Australia Politics and Media Australian Politics is reported as one of the full topics covered by the Australian media, and each media presents the news in different ways that eventually influence the nature, action, and thinking of both the politician and the voters. However, there is a low percentage of Australians of about 4% that are active participators of politics as compared to the 45% of the people participating in sports meaning that large number of people are accessible to social media and are not active politicians or followers of politics (Boulu Dowding 2014,p.698). Therefore, any politician that uses the media successfully then is in a better position than the opponent. The Australian media loses control over most of the political publications after the government review of the policies and control on the media. The Australian media has been in the limelight of providing biases in reporting the political news as explained by the Chomsky and Herman propaganda model theory (Price 2013, p.522). According to the propaganda theory, the size, ownership, profit orientation of large media corporations, and the public are manipulated politically. The full ownership of the media houses dictates independency allowing the media to report any political information irrespective of the political party (Dimova 2012, p.70). Harman and Chomsky (1994) who explored the effect of the propaganda theory on the Australian politics, stated further that mass media comes into a relationship that symbiotic with sources of information that are powerful as a result of the economic needs and reciprocity of interests. The propaganda model bases on the difference on the distribution of wealth and power and the impacts on the interest and choices that are determined by the availability of money. The amount of money released to certain media tends to filter out the messages that reach the readers and subscribers hence establishing the social, economic, and political policies. Several big Australian corporations such as the News Corporation have taken over the small companies having full domination of information that eventually determine the biases of the messages sent to the public that would not destroy the financial status of the companies (Kefford 2013, p.139). For example, during the 2013 Australian Election, major Australians newspapers supported the liberal party hence compromised the role of media putting the movement in check. Australia as other countries is considered as a democratic country that allows the public to receive political information as correct as possible as the politics is part of todays life and media(Ruijer Martinius 2017, p.240). Democracy should allow critics of the power from the public. The Fourth Estate as attributed by Edmund Burke dictates that media provides the public with diverse and unbiased political information as the public after the previous states that are king, clergy, and the commoners (McGarrity 2011, p.273-274). The public is considered as the most determinant of the existing political parties; however, this has changed in Australia. Most of the Australia newspapers are currently under the control of the profit urge, that is too paramount to the politicians and government, therefore fail to be the peoples watchdog as required (Whitten-Woodering James 2012, p.129). Australian media ability to organize various debates such as the leaders debate, during campaign periods allows the political parties and the politicians to have the opportunity to scrutinize the ability and responsibilities of each leader that are vying. The Australian government uses millions of shillings to manage the media coverage of the activities for example; more than 4000 journalists worked for the Australian state and the federal government a figure that is much above of the number of employees of the ABC, the biggest media employee that has only 700 staffs. The 2013 Australian election culminated a remarkable period of the Australian politics as the Liberal Party dismisses the Labor party out of the government (Vromen Gauja 2016, p.358). The win came as a result of the Liberal party spending of about $ 6.75 million on the broadcasting of the partys manifesto and political events during the campaign period, unlike the Labor Party that broadcasting expenditure was estimated to be about $4(McDougall 2014, p.293). As much as both parties had highly professionalized campaign strategies, the difference in the spending on the media platforms resulted in the change of the government (McAllister, Sheppard Bean 2015, p.336). Politic al campaigns are very vital for the legislative powers in every country, and the media to persuade and mobiles own supporters for the parties must always cover all these campaigns (Tate 2014, p.443). With the unavailability of such unbiased information, then criticism from the public is also limited hence the failure of the media to perform the roles as depicted in the Fourth Estate. The move by the government to regulate the airwaves in Australia dates back to 1930s during license issuing by the federal government. The license issued under specific conditions such limiting the media ownership to one type in a given market such as print, television, and radio(ODonnell 2010, p. 267). The rules also abolished the ownership of more than two TV stations to one that led to terms such as the queen of the screen, and the prince of the print (Melleusish 2015, p.723). The rules limited the percentage of coverage of the media to the Australians and led to the monopoly of the big corporations that did not even allow the growth of the small press even after the rules of ownership were changed. The rectified government rules and regulations tend to put both the media practitioners and the politician accountable for their actions. However, a challenge is always experienced when action is needed to be taken in the interest of the public, as most of the activities are always inc onsistent with the public affairs resulted into rocky relationship between politicians and the media. The rules allow the parliament to censor media houses that contradict the freedom of publication; this minimizes the accountability of both the government and politician. The Communication Theory that dictates the relationship between the journalists and the politicians governed by the mutually accepted terms explores these limitations (Monata 2017, p.70). The theory operated by putting the information supplier into the most positive position and the opponent in the most negative situation, hence allowing other politicians to outdo their opponents in the TV and radio debates (Boulu Dowding 2014, p.702). In most cases, the opponents are always silenced by the elimination of the views and sources that forms the basis of energy. Conclusion From the above discussion on the role of media and the relationship of power and media then it is conclusive that media has much influence on the contemporary politics in Australia. As much as the Australian government revised the regulations that limited the media ownership, still to reach the population who are the voters and primary determinants of the winner and the loser, the politicians, and the government has to use the media platforms as the mode of persuasion and mobilization. High numbers of Australians are accessible to different media platforms, but yet a few numbers are in the bracket of the active politics, creating the need to reach them and the activities such as leaders debates, shapes the nature of politics. It is also seen that the amount of expenditure by a political party on the media platforms determines the results; this is observed when the Liberal party that spent most dismissed the Labor Party from the control since the former had a considerable area of political campaign coverage through the media platforms. List of References Boulus, P, Dowding, K 2014, 'The press and issue framing in the Australian mining tax debate', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 49, 4, pp. 694-710, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Dimova, G 2012, 'Who Criticizes the Government in the Media? The Symbolic Power Model', Observatorio (OBS*), 6, 1, pp. 63-85, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Elejalde, E, Ferres, L, Herder, E 2018, 'On the nature of real and perceived bias in the mainstream media', Plos ONE, 13, 3, pp. 1-28, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Kefford, G 2013, 'The Presidentialisation of Australian Politics? Kevin Rudd's Leadership of the Australian Labor Party', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 48, 2, pp. 135-146, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Manata, P 2017, 'The Conversational Theory of Moral Responsibility and Mckenna's Interdependence Thesis', Philosophical Quarterly, 67, 266, pp. 61-83, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. McAllister, I, Sheppard, J, Bean, C 2015, 'Valence and spatial explanations for voting in the 2013 Australian election', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 50, 2, pp. 330-346, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. McDougall, D 2014, 'The Australian Federal Election of 7 September 2013: A Watershed?', Round Table, 103, 3, pp. 289-299, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. McGarrity, N 2011, 'Fourth estate or government lapdog? The role of the Australian media in the counter-terrorism context', Continuum: Journal Of Media Cultural Studies, 25, 2, pp. 273-283, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Melleuish, G 2015, 'Australian politics in the Australian Journal of Political Science : A review', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 50, 4, pp. 719-734, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018 O'Donnell, P 2010, 'Introduction: Internationalising Australian Media History', Historical Journal Of Film, Radio Television, 30, 3, pp. 265-268, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Price, E 2013, 'Social media and democracy', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 48, 4, pp. 519-527, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Ruijer, E, Martinius, E 2017, 'Researching the democratic impact of open government data: A systematic literature review', Information Polity: The International Journal Of Government Democracy In The Information Age, 22, 4, pp. 233-250, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Tate, JW 2014, 'Paul Keating and leadership: Was the personal political?', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 49, 3, pp. 439-454, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Vromen, A, Gauja, A 2016, 'The study of Australian politics in the 21st century: a comment on Melleuish', Australian Journal Of Political Science, 51, 2, pp. 355-360, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018. Whitten-Woodring, J, James, P 2012, 'Fourth Estate or Mouthpiece? A Formal Model of Media, Protest, and Government Repression', Political Communication, 29, 2, pp. 113-136, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 April 2018.

Making India Work Summary

In his book, â€Å"making India work†, William Nanda Bissell has endeavored to directly confront the poverty facing India by recognizing the enormous potential that the country has at its disposal. This is in spite of the high levels of grinding poverty that afflict more than 60 percent of the population. As Bissell has rightly observed, India is not a poor country. Instead, we ought to blame the poor management structures in the country for the problems that we are now faced with (Bissell, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making India Work: Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Bissell has pointed out that India considers itself to be a superpower, and yet well over 60% of the country’s population is faced with grinding poverty. The transformative ideas that Bissell proposes are intended to ensure wealth generation at the grassroots level, as opposed to relying on a trickle-do wn effect. One cannot help but observe how Bissell’s book is an attempt to provide solutions to the problems that been forecasted by Mahatma Gandhi in his fundamental principles of living. According to Gandhi, need, as opposed to greed, ought to constitute the foundation of all forms of consumptions and in light of this, he made a clarion call for suitably scaled institutions, that is, locally decentralize institutions that can easily be access by the people. In addition, he also warns us against blindly imitating the consumption and industrialization patterns that are a characteristic of the western nations. In his book, Bissell has endeavored to capture four fundamental ideas: Scaling down government Bissell proposes the adoption of a government structure that consists of four levels. In this case, Bissell recommends that the community should constitute the fundamental and active unit of government, effectively replacing the Panchayats (Bissell, 2010). Bissell proposes that the community should be made up of 25,000 people. In addition, he has also recommended that districts should be replaced by a group of 100 communities, or what he refers to as an Area. Moreover, a collection of 10 Areas would effectively replace the state. At the highest level of these 4 stages of structural governance is the Nation (Bissell, 2010). Bissell has advocated for a simplification of the government, in addition to ensuring that its roles are reduced by way of setting standards, individual rights, and monitoring and regulating compliance. Furthermore, Bissell asserts that this structure would be most ideal in helping to reduce the bureaucracy that characterizes the Indian government. At the moment, there are 22 million strong government servants and Bissell is convinced that this figure should be reduced to 2 million government servants. Ending poverty The Indian government has assumed a scattered approach in its quest to alleviate poverty. As a result, only a fraction of the financial assistance really reaches the intended beneficiaries. As a result, a majority of the Indian shall still remain poor. In order to end the poverty cycle, Bissell recommends the adoption of a voucher system, one that he has called Targeted Catalysts.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the Targeted Catalyst would ensure that each individual is guaranteed of receiving six fundamental services namely, drinking water, nutrition, healthcare, sewage disposal, education, and legal assistance (Bissell, 2010). The private sectors would be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that these essential services are provided to those in need, for purposes of increasing effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, Indians in need of these vital services would receive the vouchers from the government and present them to the private service providers, who would then have to be reimbursed for the services provided by the government (Bissell, 2010). Further, Bissell has recommended that the reimbursement value should be pegged on the quality rating of such a private providers, meaning that those who are in a position to provide better services also receive better pay. Tax simplification The prevailing excesses of taxes namely, capital gains tax, incomes tax, excise duty, and sales tax, among others, often times discourage productivity. In addition, a high collection and compliance cost is often attached to these taxes (Bissell, 2010). In a bid to overcome these shortcomings, Bissell has proposed the adoption of a simple system of taxation that is primarily based on property tax that is an annual rate of one percent on the value of property, to be collected by communities. Bissell further contends that even as the prevailing tax system has the potential to realize approximately $120 billion in terms of annual revenue, nonetheless, the proposed new system has the potential to realize a total annual revenue collection of $300 billion at a lesser cost than that accrued by the current system of taxation (Bissell, 2010). In addition, Bissell argues that embracing the proposed new system of revenue collection would ensure that the community government becomes empowered since most of the revenues collection, along with a spending of the same on the identified Targeted Catalysts would effectively occur at the Community level. The Real Cost Bissell has endeavored to unearth the underlying cause of the failure by the modern day capitalist nations. In this regard, he argues that today’s capitalism has not succeeded in placing the deserved value on the real cost of production, such as the environmental cost of producing products, the actual cost of production, as well as the cost of disposal (Bissell, 2010). As a result, Bissell argues that there is need to take into account the real cost of a product when we are computing its pricing. In t he same way, as citizens, access to clean water and air constitutes the basic human rights and as such, we are entitled to these. Bissell has also observed that environmental exchanges shall enable those communities that have invested in clean water, biodiversity and forest to trade credits with their counterparts who are still aging behind.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making India Work: Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, this shall translate into increased investment in efforts to ensure greener environments (Bissell, 2010). Besides, Bissell has also presented a worked out transition and National Asset Corporation plan that would make use of the public sector assets value for purposes of financing government downsizing efforts, along with other transition costs. Reflection Bissell has managed to accurately diagnose the challenges facing India. For example, he has vividly managed to illus trate how mere talk on sustainability, poverty alleviation and inclusive growth may not actually succeed until our governance, political, welfare, justice economics, development and planning systems have all been fundamentally transformed. There is need to appreciated the fact that India should not be compared with a machine that require re-engineering. The recommendations provided by Bissell are too prescriptive, not to mention that they almost solely rely on rational thinking, economics concepts, and design and engineering, and have failed to take into account the cultural, emotional sociological and relationships aspects. For instance, Bissell is convinced that if the right system has been implemented, individuals and communities alike shall rationally and automatically work hard in order to ensure maximization, in addition to ensuring that the accruing benefits are equitably shared. In yet another example, Bissell has recommended that the community and state boundaries be reorga nized on the basis of the overall population, with little or no regard fro linguistic, ethnic, and cultural identities. Even as Bissell’s suggestion still remains a logical and fundamental one, nonetheless, he has abhorrently misjudged the potential ensuring emotional responses. Bissell should have considered the significance attached to emotional and cultural identities that simultaneously â€Å"empower† and â€Å"divide† and â€Å"hold a system together†. Group behavior is characterized by various unique elements, such as the issue of systemic influences, individual vs. collective morality, and downward causation, among others. Apparently, in deriving his solutions to ensuring that India works, Bissell has somewhat ignored these aspects. Bissell has also been seen to assume a â€Å"mechanistic† view of the systems. In this regard, he has sought to view the various systems in the Indian government and government as machines capable of being disman tled, re-engineered or assembled. Nonetheless, it is important to appreciate the fact that the proposal by Bissell to downsize the various economic and governance systems in India is not only a relevant undertaking, but also one that would result in increased transparency and enhanced service delivery. Change is painful and as such, there is often the urge to resist it. However, through a redesigning of the subsystems and systems in India, this would effectively acts as a stepping stone towards the transformation of India into a prosperous and sustainable nation. Reference Bissell, W. N. (2010). Making India Work. New Delhi: Penguin Books.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Making India Work: Summary was written and submitted by user Giovanni F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.